This dissertation examines the effects of war on civilians in an early modern local community, during and after the Finnish War between Sweden and Russia in 1808– 1809. The research focus is on how the crisis evolved and what the circumstances of war were like locally, how the war burdened civilians and the local community economically and socially, and what kind of resilience they had against the crisis. The Finnish War was a tiny part of the Napoleonic Wars in Europe, but in Finland the war was one of the most severe demographic crises. This war was also the period of Finnish transition from Swedish rule to becoming a Duchy of the Russian Empire; the war has even had a mythical role in the national narrative in Finland. This study offers ...